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选购制氧机要注意哪些问题？上海市质标院提示******

　　中新网1月8日电 据“上海市场监管”微信公众号8日消息，最近，制氧机的抢购热潮引起了社会关注。这种能够承担居家供氧、降低“沉默性缺氧”的医疗器械，到底适合哪些人群？选购时应该注意哪些问题？

　　什么是制氧机？

　　据国家药品监督管理局官网，制氧机又称为小型分子筛制氧机、医用分子筛制氧机、便携式制氧机等，其基本工作原理是通过变压吸附(PSA)原理，以空气作为原材料，不需要任何添加剂，接通电源后吸附空气中的氮气及其他气体，从空气中分离出纯度较高的氧气(93%±3%)。

　　制氧机一般由制氧主机、流量计、湿化器、氧浓度状态指示器，其中氧浓度状态指示器可以在氧浓度低于82%时，发出报警，避免使用者吸入不符合氧浓度要求的气体。

　　制氧机属于医疗器械吗？

　　众所周知，我国对医疗器械按照风险程度实行分类管理。

　　依据《中国医疗器械产品分类目录》，制氧机目前在我国属于二类医疗器械，需要由国家药品管理部门颁发的《医疗器械注册证》后方可上市销售。其生产商需要获得药监部门颁发的《医疗器械生产许可证》，销售单位应具备《二类医疗器械经营备案证》。

　　因此无论名称是“医用制氧机”“家用制氧机”“小型制氧机”还是“分子筛制氧机”其本质都是“医用制氧机”，均应具有医疗器械注册证。

　　制氧机适用哪些人群？

　　一般情况下，制氧机适用于已出现低氧血症的心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患者，比较有代表性的是慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者。另外，出现低氧血症的其他疾病患者以及由于环境氧气稀薄导致的高原肺水肿、急性高山病、高原昏迷等，也需要尽快氧疗。

　　对于普通消费者，专家指出，制氧机主要是供慢性呼吸系统疾病患者使用，一般健康家庭无需在家中配置制氧机。如出现胸闷、气喘、呼吸困难或其他低血氧症状，也应第一时间前往医院就诊，不宜在家中自己使用制氧机吸氧，吸氧浓度过高或时间过长都容易导致氧中毒，造成危险。

　　选购注意事项

　　氧浓度是制氧机的核心指标，YY/T 0298-1998《医用分子筛制氧设备通用技术规范》要求，制氧机的氧浓度≥90% (v/v)，氧气应无气味，水分含量≤0.07g/m3，二氧化碳含量≤0.01% (v/v)。

　　对于制氧机的噪声，YY 0732- 2009《医用氧气浓缩器 安全要求》规定，在正常使用条件下，氧气浓缩器的最大噪音不应超过60dB。YY/T 0298-1998《医用分子筛制氧设备通用技术规范》要求，制氧设备的噪声不大于85 dB。

　　YY 0732- 2009《医用氧气浓缩器 安全要求》还规定，氧气浓缩器出口处的气体温度不应超过环境温度6℃。气体温度最高不应超过46℃，以避免气体对人体造成热损伤。

　　作为普通消费者，在选择购买制氧机前，还是应该咨询专业医生的建议，正确了解自己适应症所需吸氧时间以及吸氧流量的要求，然后选择合适的型号产品，按说明书要求合理使用。(来源：上海市质标院)(中新财经)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）